glande pinéale - определение. Что такое glande pinéale
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Что (кто) такое glande pinéale - определение

SMALL ENDOCRINE GLAND FOUND IN MOST VERTEBRATES, WHICH PRODUCES MELATONIN; IN HUMANS, LOCATED IN THE EPITHALAMUS, IN A GROOVE WHERE THE TWO HALVES OF THE THALAMUS JOIN; ITS SHAPE AND SIZE RESEMBLES A PINE NUT, AFTER WHICH IT IS NAMED
Pineal chakra; Pineal Gland; Pineal; Recessus pinealis; Pineal recess; Pineal body; Epiphysis cerebri; Corpus pineale; Pineal organ; Conarium; Epiphysis Cerebri; Peneal gland; Glandula pinealis; Pineal glands; Pineal recesses; Calcification of the pineal gland
  • Pineal gland parenchyma with calcifications
  • [[Micrograph]] of a normal pineal gland – intermediate magnification
  • [[Micrograph]] of a normal pineal gland – very high magnification

Glande         
PRUSSIAN LEADER
Glande (baptized as Richard) was the leader of Sambians, one of the Prussian clans, during the Great Prussian Uprising (1260–1274) against the papal crusades undertaken by the Teutonic Knights. There is nothing known about his life or achievements, except that once the uprising started, Sambians elected him as their leader.
pineal gland         
['p?n??l, 'p??-]
(also pineal body)
¦ noun a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like substance in some mammals.
Origin
C17: from Fr. pineal, from L. pinea 'pine cone' (with ref. to the shape of the gland).
Pineal         
·adj Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone.

Википедия

Pineal gland

The pineal gland, conarium, or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone which modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles. The shape of the gland resembles a pine cone, which gives it its name. The pineal gland is located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two halves of the thalamus join. It is one of the neuroendocrine secretory circumventricular organs in which capillaries are mostly permeable to solutes in the blood.

The pineal gland is present in almost all vertebrates, but is absent in protochordates in which there is a simple pineal homologue. The hagfish, considered as a primitive vertebrate, has a rudimentary structure regarded as the "pineal equivalent" in the dorsal diencephalon. In some species of amphibians and reptiles, the gland is linked to a light-sensing organ, variously called the parietal eye, the pineal eye or the third eye. Reconstruction of the biological evolution pattern suggests that the pineal gland was originally a kind of atrophied photoreceptor that developed into a neuroendocrine organ.

Ancient Greeks were the first to notice the pineal gland and believed it to be a valve, a guardian for the flow of pneuma. Galen in the 2nd century C.E. could not find any functional role and regarded the gland as a structural support for the brain tissue. He gave the name konario, meaning cone or pinecone, which during Renaissance was translated to Latin as pinealis. In the 17th century, René Descartes revived the mystical purpose and described the gland as the "principal seat of the soul". In the mid-20th century, the real biological role as a neuroendocrine organ was established.